\dis-ˈlek-sē-ə\
definition = a variable often familial learning disability involving difficulties in acquiring and processing language that is typically manifested by a lack of proficiency in reading, spelling, and writing 1
Signs: 2
a) Pre-school
-persistently jumble up phrases
-later than expected speech development
-substitute words
-difficulty of learning nursery rhyme
-unable to remember objects
-walked early but did not crawl
-not paying attention
-difficulty of catching balls
-difficulty of clapping hands
b) Primary school age.
-difficulty with reading and spelling
-putting letters and figures the wrong way round
-difficulty in memories
-occasionally confuses 'b' and 'd' and words such as 'no/on'.
-use fingers or marks on paper to make simple calculations.
-Poor concentration.
-understanding problems
-takes longer than average to do written work.
-problems processing language at speed.
-difficulty with tying shoe laces, tie, dressing.
-difficulty telling left from right, order of days of the week, months of the year etc.
-poor sense of direction and still confuses left and right.
-lacks confidence and has a poor self image.
c) 12 or over.
-reads inaccurately
-difficulties in spelling.
-Gets 'tied up' using long words, e.g. 'preliminary', 'philosophical'.
-Confuses places, times, dates.
-difficulty processing complex language or long series of instructions at speed.
-poor confidence and self-esteem
Types:
- Surface dyslexia
- Phonological dyslexia
- Double deficit dyslexia
Evaluation:3
-reading ability testing
...................................................................................................................................
Management:
*The Dore programme, previously known as DDAT (Dyslexia Dyspraxia Attention Treatment) is a drug-free course of treatment for dyslexia and other learning difficulties4
*Treatment programs for dyslexic children fall into three general categories: 5
a)developmental - the child needs extra time & attention
b)corrective - small groups in tutorial sessions,emphasizes child's assets and interests
c)remedial - resolve the specific educational and psychological problems that interfere with learning.
*Multisensory approach
*Rewiring Dyslexic Children's Brains Using Sound Training6
References:-
1 http://medical.merriam-webster.com/medical/dyslexia
2 http://www.bda-dyslexia.org.uk/
3 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyslexia
4 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dore_(dyslexia_treatment)
5 http://www.healthscout.com/ency/68/267/main.html#cont
6 http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/87170.php
Notez:
1\ Is there any role of low dose benzodiazepine?
2\ Is there any role of piracetam (nootropil) for dyslexic?
3\ Is there any role of ginkgo biloba for dyslexia?
4\ Dyslexia is four times more common in boys than it is among girls.
5\ Although the condition is known to be hereditary, there is no consensus among scientists about the exact cause.
6\ It is linked to a "cerebellar deficit".
7\ Dyslexia is linked to reduced activity in a primitive part of the brain that controls movement, co-ordination and balance, scientists have claimed.
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